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  • submissions
  • glytoucan.png GlyTouCan

    GlyTouCan is an international glycan structure repository that provides a platform for the registration and sharing of glycan data. It offers detailed information on glycan structures, including their composition, modifications, and biological sources.

  • glycomb.png GlyComb

    GlyComb is the international glycoconjugate repository.

  • glycopost.png GlycoPOST

    GlycoPOST is a data repository for assigning accession numbers and embargoing raw data generated from glycomics and glycoproteomics mass spectrometry experiments.

  • unicarb-dr.svg UniCarb-DR

    UniCarb-DR is a repository of glycans with associated MS information and spectra.

  • lm-glycorepo.png LM-GlycoRepo

    LM-GlycoRepo is a repository for lectin-assisted multimodality data. The current version (ver.1.0) is specialized for mouse tissue glycome mapping data obtained by laser microdissection (LMD)-assisted lectin microarray (LMA).

  • resources
  • glycans.png Glycans

    The list of validated glycans extracted from GlyTouCan, updated weekly.

    • GlyCosmos Proteoglycans
    • glycans.png GlycoNAVI Glycans

      GlycoNAVI-Glycans is dataset of glycans. This is the content of GlycoNAVI.

    • matrixdb.png MatrixDB

      MatrixDB is a freely available database focused on interactions established by extracellular matrix proteins, proteoglycans and polysaccharides.

    • Motifs
      • glycans.png GlycoNAVI Motifs

        GlycoNAVI-Motifs is dataset of glycan structure patterns. This is the content of GlycoNAVI.

      • glycans.png GlycoEpitope

        In this database, useful information about carbohydrate antigens, ie, glycoepitopes, and antibodies is organized as a compact encyclopedia.

    • Chromatography-related
      • galaxy.png GALAXY

        GALAXY (Glycoanalysis by the Three Axes of MS and Chromatography) is a database of elution data on glycan structures of glycoproteins analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The database includes data on 650 neutral, sialylated, glucuronylated, and/or sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides, which are expressed by a diagram in the shape of a tree with a tri-mannosyl core as the trunk and spreading branches.

      • glycans.png GlycoBase

        GlycoBase is a relational database which contains the HPLC elution positions for over 350 2-AB labelled N-glycan structures together with predicted products of exoglycosidase digestions.

        GlycoBase and autoGU: tools for HPLC-based glycan analysis
        Campbell MP, et al.
        Bioinformatics. 2008 May 1;24(9):1214-6. PMID: 18344517.

      • glycans.png GlycoStore

        GlycoStore is a curated chromatographic, electrophoretic and mass-spectrometry composition database of N-, O-, glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans and free oligosaccharides associated with a range of glycoproteins, glycolipids and biotherapeutics.GlycoStore provides access to unique glycan structure entries determined by: (i) hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (U/HPLC) and reversed phase (RP)-U/HPLC with fluorescent detection; (ii) porous graphitized carbon (PGC) chromatography in combination with ESI-MS/MS detection; and (iii) capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF).

        GlycoStore: A Platform for H/UPLC and Capillary Electrophoresis Glycan Data
        Campbell MP, et al.
        Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2370:25-40. PMID: 34611863

  • diseases.png Diseases

    List of diseases involving glycan related genes. The information of each database of Glyco-Disease Genes Database (GDGDB) and Alliance of Genome Resources is integrated into one list.

    • diseases.png glycome.png Alliance of Genome Resources

      Alliance of Genome Resources is a gene dataset, which contains curated genome information essential for the understanding of the genetics and genomic basis of human biology, health and disease. All data is retrieved from six major model organism databases and the Gene Ontology including FlyBase, Mouse Genome Database (MGI), Rat Genome Database (RGD), Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD), WormBase, Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN), and the GO Consortium. In GlyCosmos, only glycan-related disease information has been extracted from Alliance of Genome Resources.

    • genes.png diseases.png Glyco-Disease Genes Database (GDGDB)

      GDGDB is a database of glycan-related diseases and their responsible genes.

    • diseases.png GlycoNAVI Diseases

      GlycoNAVI-Diseases is dataset of glycoforms related to diseases. This is the content of GlycoNAVI.

    • diseases.png pathogens.png Pathogen Adherence to Carbohydrate Database (PACDB)

      PACDB provides the information on pathogens (e.g. bacteria, fungus, toxin and virus) adhering to carbohydrates expressed on the cell surface of host animals or plants.

  • genes.png Genes

    Integrated list of glycan-related genes extracted KEGG GENES Database, UniProt, GlycoGene Database (GGDB), Plant GARDEN and FlyGlycoDB. Glycan-related genes including glycosyltransferase, hydrolase activity (acting on glycosyl bonds), carbohydrate metabolic process, etc.

    • flyglycodb.png FlyGlycoDB

      FlyGlycoDB is a database that summarizes genetic study results on Drosophila . In FlyGlycoDB, glycan-related Drosophila genes for which functions have been identified are currently registered, including genes for which activity has been confirmed by analysis using RNAi silencing (Nishihara et al. 2007, 2010; Yamamoto et al. 2015) and genes obtained from CAZy (Lombard et al. 2014), which is a database for carbohydrate-active enzymes.

      Itoh Kazuyoshi, and Nishihara Shoko. (2021) Drosophila melanogaster in Glycobiology: Their Mutants Are Excellent Models for Human Diseases. In: Barchi Jr., Joseph (ed.) Comprehensive Glycoscience, 2nd edition. vol. 5, pp. 1-35. Oxford: Elsevier.

    • genes.png diseases.png Glyco-Disease Genes Database (GDGDB)

      GDGDB is a database of glycan-related diseases and their responsible genes.

    • genes.png GlycoGene Database (GGDB)

      GGDB is a database which includes genes associated with glycan synthesis such as glycosyltransferase, sugar nucleotide synthases, sugar-nucleotide transporters, and sulfotransferases.

    • genes.png GlycoNAVI Genes

      GlycoNAVI-Genes is dataset of gene informtion. This is the content of GlycoNAVI.

    • genes.png glycome.png Microbial Genome Database (MBGD)

      MBGD is a database for comparative analysis of completely sequenced microbial genomes, the number of which is now growing rapidly. A list of sequences with high scores in amino acid sequences registered in MBGD against the database sequences of glycan-related genes and the results of amino acid homology search by GhostX.
      Nucleic Acids Res. 47:D382-D389 (2019).

    • genes.png PlantGARDEN

      PlantGARDEN (Genome And Resource Database Entry) is a portal site that curates genome and marker information of various plant species. This is a list of the glycogenes computationally extracted from all plant genomes in PlantGARDEN.

  • Proteins
    • Enzymes
      • genes.png CAZy

        The CAZy database describes the families of structurally-related catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules (or functional domains) of enzymes that degrade, modify, or create glycosidic bonds.

      • flyglycodb.png FlyGlycoDB

        FlyGlycoDB is a database that summarizes genetic study results on Drosophila . In FlyGlycoDB, glycan-related Drosophila genes for which functions have been identified are currently registered, including genes for which activity has been confirmed by analysis using RNAi silencing (Nishihara et al. 2007, 2010; Yamamoto et al. 2015) and genes obtained from CAZy (Lombard et al. 2014), which is a database for carbohydrate-active enzymes.

        Itoh Kazuyoshi, and Nishihara Shoko. (2021) Drosophila melanogaster in Glycobiology: Their Mutants Are Excellent Models for Human Diseases. In: Barchi Jr., Joseph (ed.) Comprehensive Glycoscience, 2nd edition. vol. 5, pp. 1-35. Oxford: Elsevier.

      • genes.png GlycoGene Database (GGDB)

        GGDB is a database which includes genes associated with glycan synthesis such as glycosyltransferase, sugar nucleotide synthases, sugar-nucleotide transporters, and sulfotransferases.

      • genes.png PlantGARDEN

        PlantGARDEN (Genome And Resource Database Entry) is a portal site that curates genome and marker information of various plant species. This is a list of the glycogenes computationally extracted from all plant genomes in PlantGARDEN.

    • Glycopeptides
      • glycomb.png GlyComb

        GlyComb is the international glycoconjugate repository.

    • glycoproteins.png glycans.png Glycoproteins

      Integrated list of glycoproteins extracted from UniProt and annotated with glycosylation data from GlyGen, GlyConnect, GlycoProtDB and The O-GlcNAc Database. For each entry, information such as glycosylation site, glycans, diseases, 3D structures, and pathway information are available.

      • glycoproteins.png glycans.png GlycoProtDB

        GlycoProtDB is a glycoprotein database providing information of Asn (N)-glycosylated proteins and their glycosylated site(s), which were constructed by employing a bottom-up strategy using actual glycopeptide sequences identified by LC/MS-based glycoproteomic technologies.

      • glycoproteins.png glycans.png GlycoNAVI Proteins

        GlycoNAVI-Proteins is dataset of glycan and protein information. This is the content of GlycoNAVI.

    • lectins.png Lectins
      • lectins.png GlycoNAVI Lectins

        GlycoNAVI-Lectins is a subset of GlycoNAVI-Proteins, a dataset of glycan and protein information, which is the content of GlycoNAVI. This is the content of GlycoNAVI.

      • lm-glycomeatlas.png LM-GlycomeAtlas

        LM-GlycomeAtlas is a web tool visualizing the data from Lectin Array analyses by the Kuno Laboratory at AIST.

      • lectins.png Lectin Frontier Database (LfDB)

        LfDB provides quantitative interaction data in terms of the affinity constants (Ka) of a series of lectins toward a panel of pyridylaminated (PA) glycans obtained by an automated frontal affinity chromatography with fluorescence detection (FAC-FD) system.

  • glycolipids.png Lipids

    Glycolipid entries from the LIPID MAPS Structure Database (LMSD).

  • glycome.png Omics
    • diseases.png glycome.png Alliance of Genome Resources

      Alliance of Genome Resources is a gene dataset, which contains curated genome information essential for the understanding of the genetics and genomic basis of human biology, health and disease. All data is retrieved from six major model organism databases and the Gene Ontology including FlyBase, Mouse Genome Database (MGI), Rat Genome Database (RGD), Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD), WormBase, Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN), and the GO Consortium. In GlyCosmos, only glycan-related disease information has been extracted from Alliance of Genome Resources.

    • glycome.png C. elegans N-glycome


      Increasing Complexity of the N-Glycome During Caenorhabditis Development
      Wilson IBH, et al.
      Mol Cell Proteomics. 2023 Mar;22(3):100505.PMID: 36717059.

    • glycome.png GlycomeAtlas

      GlycomeAtlas is a specialised database that provides comprehensive information on glycan structures and their distribution in different human, mouse and zebrafish.

    • LM-GlycomeAtlas
    • glycome.png MetaGlynome

      A list of glycan-related genes that have been identified as a result of examining genomes in diverse environments using functional metagenomics.

    • genes.png glycome.png Microbial Genome Database (MBGD)

      MBGD is a database for comparative analysis of completely sequenced microbial genomes, the number of which is now growing rapidly. A list of sequences with high scores in amino acid sequences registered in MBGD against the database sequences of glycan-related genes and the results of amino acid homology search by GhostX.
      Nucleic Acids Res. 47:D382-D389 (2019).

    • totalglycomedb.png Total Glycome Database

      N-glycan, O-glycan, sphingolipids, glycosaminoglycans and free glycans as quantified from various types of cells.

  • Microbes
    • diseases.png GlyCOVID

      GlyCOVID is a dataset of RDFized COVID-19 data related to glycans. Resources will be added incrementally as publications are curated.

      Longitudinal Development of Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients of Different Severity with ELISA, Peptide, and Glycan Arrays: An Immunological Case Series.
      Heidepriem J, et al.
      Pathogens. 2021; 10(4):438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040438

      A longitudinal analysis of three COVID-19 patients with moderate (#1) and mild disease (#2 and #3) was published. Antibody serum responses were analyzed using spike glycoprotein enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), full-proteome peptide, and glycan microarrays. In this Glycovid dataset, the data from these glycan microarray experiments have been RDFized. Fluorescence intensity is given in arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) as reported in this publication.

    • glycome.png MetaGlynome

      A list of glycan-related genes that have been identified as a result of examining genomes in diverse environments using functional metagenomics.

    • genes.png glycome.png Microbial Genome Database (MBGD)

      MBGD is a database for comparative analysis of completely sequenced microbial genomes, the number of which is now growing rapidly. A list of sequences with high scores in amino acid sequences registered in MBGD against the database sequences of glycan-related genes and the results of amino acid homology search by GhostX.
      Nucleic Acids Res. 47:D382-D389 (2019).

    • microglycodb.png MicroGlycoDB

      MicroGlycoDB is a new database of glycan-related information in microorganisms using the Semantic Web technologies, in order to elucidate various biological processes that occur in vivo in these organisms.

    • diseases.png pathogens.png Pathogen Adherence to Carbohydrate Database (PACDB)

      PACDB provides the information on pathogens (e.g. bacteria, fungus, toxin and virus) adhering to carbohydrates expressed on the cell surface of host animals or plants.

    • pathogens.png SugarBind

      SugarBind provides information on known carbohydrate sequences to which pathogenic organisms (bacteria, toxins and viruses) specifically adhere.

  • pathways.png Pathways

    Integrated of pathway data, containing glycoproteins and glycans obtained from Reactome and the Metabolism of carbohydrates in Escherichia coli O-antigens obtained from ECODAB. Search by pathway name, species, and protein name.

    • glycomaple.png GlycoMaple

      GlycoMaple is a visualization tool for glycosylation pathways in human and mouse. Glycogene expression data can be uploaded or selected from RNA-Seq data from the Human Protein Atlas in the mouse version. Similar data can be selected from Mouse Haemopedia for cell lines in mouse. The expression values will be reflected across various glycan-related pathways at once, and comparisons can be made between samples.

  • Interactions
    • matrixdb.png MatrixDB

      MatrixDB is a freely available database focused on interactions established by extracellular matrix proteins, proteoglycans and polysaccharides.

    • PSICQUIC

      Molecular Interaction Databases

    • pathogens.png SugarBind

      SugarBind provides information on known carbohydrate sequences to which pathogenic organisms (bacteria, toxins and viruses) specifically adhere.

  • tools
  • Tools
    • glycans.png SugarDrawer

      SugarDrawer is a simple user interface providing the basic functionality for drawing and searching glycan structures with known topology. Those who wish to draw more complex glycans can use the Web version of GlycanBuilder.

    • glycans.png GlycanBuilder

      Web-based user interface for GlycanBuilder, with all the functionality provided by the standalone version. Databases including GlyTouCan, GlyCosmos glycans and GlycoNAVI can also be searched.

    • glycans.png Glycan Converters

      Glycan structure conversion tools between WURCS, GlycoCT, IUPAC, etc. Image generation and validation functionality are also available.

    • rings.png MCAW

      Glycan structure alignment tool for multiple glycan structures to analyze their commonalities as glycan profiles.

    • rings.png GlycoSim

      Glycan biosynthesis simulation tool.

    • grable.png GRable

      GRable is a software to estimate site-specific glycan compositions of glycopeptides, using an MS1-based glycoproteomic method named “Glyco-RIDGE” [Narimatsu et al. JPR2018].

  • Search
  • standards
  • ontologies.png Ontologies
  • notations.png Notations
  • guidelines
  • MIRAGE